08/10/2026
Rio Blanco Fire
Drafting water for fire response on the in Division M
Drafting is an essential method used in wildland firefighting when no pressurized hydrant is available, especially in rural or remote areas. Drafting is done by using a pump to create a vacuum that draws water from a static source; such as a pond, stream, or portable tank. Pumps do not “suck” water, they move it from one point to another. When drafting, the pump’s primer removes air from the suction line, creating a vacuum, then atmospheric pressure at sea level pushes water up through the suction hose into the pump. Drafting is a critical skill for wildland firefighting when pressurized water is unavailable or too far for resources to reach timely. Proper equipment selection, understanding of atmospheric pressure limits, and early priming are key to success. Some additional considerations for drafting include source accessibility, sustainability, and water temperature.
Considering the large areas covered by wildfires, fighting them uses relatively little water. Mostly water is reserved for cooling down hotspots -- from the air or ground --laying down wet lines as fire approaches buildings and infrastructure being protected, and during mop-up, to ensure that the ashes are completely cooled. The larger-scale tactic is to remove the fuel in front of a fire, which is what we mean when we talk about building hand line (sometimes only as wide as a hiking path) or dozer line (which can be the width of a road or greater): The intention is for the fire to burn right up to the line and then not have enough oomph to cross it, either with big flame height or by sending sparks over the line, starting new spot fires. Water is a fundamental firefighting agent due to its cooling properties, ability to smother flames, and effectiveness when enhanced with wetting agents, remaining a critical component in firefighting.