08/06/2024
END GAME - End turns (loops of copper wire that extend beyond the lamination stack) don't contribute to torque production but are a necessary evil when it comes to manufacturing coils of wire for electric motors. Therefore minimizing end turn length will reduce the overall motor length and increase the motor's torque density.
Mechanically compressing the end turns is possible, but risks damaging the wire insulation. Needle winding the coils directly onto the stator teeth produces significantly shorter end turns than inserting pre-wound coils but requires very precise and expensive equipment. Hand-winding is the best choice to minimize end turns for low production volumes, while segmented stators are ideal for higher volumes.