06/01/2025
1. *Shallow Foundations*
- Used for small buildings, houses, and other light structures
- Depth is typically less than 1 meter
- Types:
- Isolated spread footings
- Combined footings
- Mat foundations
2. *Deep Foundations*
- Used for large buildings, bridges, and other heavy structures
- Depth is typically greater than 1 meter
- Types:
- Piles
- Caissons
- Shafts
3. *Special Foundations*
- Used for unique or challenging site conditions
- Types:
- Raft foundations
- Pile raft foundations
- Caisson foundations
4. *Pile Foundations*
- Used for sites with poor soil conditions or high loads
- Types:
- End-bearing piles
- Friction piles
- Composite piles
5. *Spread Footing Foundations*
- Used for sites with good soil conditions
- Types:
- Isolated spread footings
- Combined spread footings
- Mat spread footings
