Rung Khử Ứng Suất Dư

07/08/2026

18/07/2026

COMPREHENSIVE REPORT: RESEARCH ON VIBRATORY STRESS RELIEF (VSR) METHOD IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING – A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE (CHINA & USA)
1. Introduction: VSR – A Green Technology with Global Relevance
In the context of the global manufacturing industry undergoing a strong transformation towards sustainable development and Net Zero goals, the Vibratory Stress Relief (VSR) method is emerging as a green technology widely applied not only in China but also in the United States and many other developed countries. Unlike traditional thermal treatment methods that consume large amounts of energy and time, VSR uses mechanical vibration energy to reduce residual stress in metals, delivering superior economic and environmental benefits.

2. VSR as a Green Technology – Globally Recognized
2.1. Recognition from International Organizations
VSR has been recognized as a green technology by numerous organizations and governments worldwide:

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has confirmed VSR as an effective alternative for 80-90% of thermal treatment applications in the mechanical engineering industry, recognizing it as a clean, low-impact technology .

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has also included VSR in its list of cleaner production solutions .

In Europe, VSR is regarded as a "green" and sustainable method in many industry reports .

2.2. Environmental Impact – Comparative Data
Comparative studies from multiple markets consistently show VSR's superior environmental advantages:

Criterion Traditional Thermal Treatment VSR
Energy consumption (per component) 32,400 kWh 8 kWh
CO₂ emissions (per component) 6.6 tons 0.03 tons (99.5% reduction)
Processing time 8-24 hours 1 hour (max 2 cycles)
Transportation Requires shipment to furnace On-site treatment
Effect on metal Risk of structural alteration, reduced strength No change in metal properties
Operating cost High 30-50% of thermal treatment cost
(Source: All-About-Industries, 2024; European research data)

2.3. Energy Savings and Emission Reductions
Aggregated data from international studies demonstrate:

VSR enables 95-98% reduction in energy consumption compared to traditional thermal treatment .

Operating costs are only 30-50% of conventional furnace annealing .

VSR can be performed on-site at the workshop, eliminating transportation costs and time to heat treatment facilities .

No emissions, dust, or hazardous waste are generated during operation .

3. VSR in the United States – Research and Applications
3.1. Academic Research and Industrial Applications
In the United States, VSR has attracted attention from leading universities and research institutions:

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has conducted research on the mechanisms of stress relief through vibration, contributing to the scientific foundation of this method .

University of Michigan has published studies on optimizing VSR parameters for cast and welded components in the automotive industry .

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has produced evaluation reports on the effectiveness of vibration technology for stress relief in large welded structures .

3.2. Major Corporations Adopting VSR
Many leading manufacturing corporations in the United States and Europe have adopted VSR in their production processes as a green and cost-effective solution:

Ford, Caterpillar, Liebherr, Sennebogen, Audi, and ThyssenKrupp have utilized VSR for decades .

Some companies require their suppliers to apply VSR instead of thermal treatment to meet environmental and quality standards .

3.3. Comparative Experimental Results
In Europe, research from RWTH Aachen (Germany) has demonstrated through Finite Element Method (FEM) calculations that VSR is more effective than thermal treatment in stress reduction . Practical experiments at Ford, Audi, and ThyssenKrupp confirm these findings. Notably:

Jebens GmbH experiments showed that distortion in VSR-treated components was only one-third of that in thermally treated components .

These results have driven the trend of transitioning from thermal treatment to VSR in many factories .

4. VSR in China – Research and Applications
4.1. Domestic Research
In China, VSR has been researched and applied since the 1990s. Notable studies include:

Song Tianmin and colleagues (Jilin University) analyzed the mechanism of vibration effects on residual stress in welded materials .

Hu Min, Zhao Wanhua, and colleagues (Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2014) optimized VSR parameters for large machine tool bodies, achieving a stress reduction rate of 65.1% compared to 38.5% with the old process .

Liu Chun-ze and colleagues (2017) published a comprehensive review of VSR technology and non-destructive evaluation methods .

Zhao Changxi (2010) and Yang Wei (2015) developed harmonic frequency spectrum VSR technology, improving stress reduction efficiency and energy savings .

Wu Jianjun and colleagues (2026) proposed a nonlinear superharmonic VSR method, opening new processing approaches for high-stiffness components .

4.2. Environmental Benefits in China
Domestic studies have also quantified the environmental benefits of VSR:

A study published in Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool (2009) used the Fuzzy-AHP method to evaluate the "greenness" of VSR compared to thermal treatment, concluding that VSR is superior in environmental, resource, energy, and cost criteria .

According to calculations from industrial applications, for every 10,000 tons of components processed by VSR instead of thermal treatment, 4 million kWh of electricity can be saved and 4,000 tons of CO₂ emissions reduced – equivalent to planting 200,000 trees .

4.3. Technology Trends in China
Technology Representative Research Green Benefits
Harmonic Spectrum VSR Zhao Changxi (2010), Yang Wei (2015) Optimized frequency identification, reduced energy
High-Frequency VSR Wang Jianwu, He Wen (2005) Processing of high-stiffness components
Ultrasonic VSR Zhang Chunhui (2013), Wang Renyan (2014), Yang Mingwei (2016) Processing of complex components
TVSR (Thermal+Vibration) Li Bianhong (2024) Best stress reduction efficiency
Nonlinear Superharmonic VSR Wu Jianjun (2026) Application for high-stiffness components
5. Comparative Overview – China vs. United States
Criterion United States China
Research history Since the 1960s-1970s Since the early 1990s
Green recognition DOE, EPA recognition Evaluation in scientific journals
Research universities MIT, University of Michigan, ORNL Jilin University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Central South University, etc.
Corporate adopters Ford, Caterpillar, ThyssenKrupp, Audi Machine tool manufacturers, crane and rail producers
Technology trends Process optimization, automation Harmonic spectrum, multi-field coupling, robotics
6. Conclusion – VSR as a Global Green Manufacturing Technology
The Vibratory Stress Relief (VSR) method is not only an effective technical solution but also a green technology recognized and widely applied globally:

Green Benefit Impact Level
🌿 Energy Reduction 95-98% savings compared to thermal treatment
🌿 Emission Reduction Up to 99.5% CO₂ reduction
🌿 Resource Conservation Extended component life, reduced scrap
🌿 Clean Process No hazardous emissions or waste
🌿 Productivity Increase Processing time from minutes to 1 hour
🌿 Global Recognition Recognized in the US, Europe, and China
In the context of the global manufacturing industry undergoing a strong transformation to meet Net Zero goals and sustainable development targets, VSR deserves to be considered one of the core technologies for greener manufacturing, applied from China to the United States and many other developed nations.

📌 Key References
Liu Chun-ze et al., Review of vibration stress relief technology, Technical Acoustics, 2017

Hu Min, Zhao Wanhua et al., Optimization Method of VSR Process Parameters for Large Machine Tool Body, China Mechanical Engineering, 2014

Green comprehensive evaluation and selection of aging treatment methods for cast iron machine tool components, Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool, 2009

Zhao Changxi, Spectrum harmonic aging technology, 2010

Yang Wei, Research on harmonic frequency spectrum VSR, 2015

Li Bianhong et al., Investigating the Effects and Mechanisms of Thermal–Vibration-Coupled Stress Relief Treatment, Metals, 2024

Wu Jianjun et al., ADAMS simulation and experimental study on nonlinear superharmonic VSR, Journal of Physics, 2026

All-About-Industries, Vibratory stress relief: Efficient reduction of internal stresses in metals, 2024

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Clean Technology Reports

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cleaner Production Solutions

18/07/2026

Сводный доклад: Исследование метода вибрационной стабилизации остаточных напряжений (VSR) в машиностроении
1. Введение
Метод вибрационной стабилизации остаточных напряжений (Vibratory Stress Relief – VSR) представляет собой технологию механической обработки, используемую для снижения остаточных напряжений в металлических деталях после таких процессов, как сварка, литьё и механическая обработка резанием. По сравнению с традиционными методами термической обработки, VSR обладает значительными преимуществами: низкое энергопотребление, невысокая стоимость и высокая эффективность. В Китае данная технология исследуется и применяется с 1990-х годов и продолжает развиваться по нескольким направлениям.

2. Механизм VSR
Исследования микро- и макромеханизмов VSR проводились китайскими учёными с раннего этапа. Работы Сун Тяньминя (Song Tianmin) и его коллег из Цзилиньского университета проанализировали механизм влияния вибрации на остаточные напряжения в сварных материалах. Основной принцип заключается в приложении вибрационной силы с соответствующей частотой для индукции локальной пластической деформации, что позволяет высвободить накопленную упругую энергию деформации внутри материала без возникновения усталостных повреждений.

Исследование, проведённое в Центрально-Южном университете, проанализировало факторы влияния и принципы выбора амплитуды динамического напряжения при применении VSR к высокопрочным алюминиевым сплавам, подчеркнув необходимость создания локальной пластической деформации без превышения предела усталостной прочности материала.

3. Направления технологического развития
3.1. Гармонический спектральный VSR
Исследования Чжао Чанси (Zhao Changxi, 2010) и Ян Вэя (Yang Wei, 2015) применили технологию гармонического спектра для обработки остаточных напряжений в алюминиевых сплавных деталях и литых конструкциях, достигнув значительного улучшения эффективности по сравнению с традиционными методами VSR.

3.2. Высокочастотный VSR и ультразвуковой VSR
Ван Цзяньу (Wang Jianwu) и Хэ Вэнь (He Wen, 2005) проанализировали технологию высокочастотного VSR для обработки высокожёстких компонентов. В то же время исследовательские группы Тайюаньского университета науки и технологий (Чжан Чуньхуэй Zhang Chunhui, 2013; Ван Жэньянь Wang Renyan, 2014; Ян Минвэй Yang Mingwei, 2016) сосредоточились на механизмах и экспериментальном подтверждении ультразвукового VSR, открывая новые подходы к обработке деталей сложной формы.

3.3. Нелинейный супергармонический VSR
У Цзяньцзюнь (Wu Jianjun) и его коллеги (Наньнинский университет технологии и инженерии & Гуансийский университет, 2026) предложили метод нелинейного супергармонического VSR. Данная технология использует характеристики нелинейных колебаний для генерации частот, кратных частоте возбуждения, воздействуя на высокожёсткие компоненты. Исследование показывает, что при увеличении коэффициента объёмной жёсткости третьего порядка резонансная кривая смещается вправо, а амплитуда отклика возрастает, что приводит к более выраженному супергармоническому эффекту.

3.4. Многопольный связанный VSR
Новейшая тенденция включает интеграцию VSR с другими энергетическими полями. Исследование, проведённое Ордоским технологическим институтом и Северо-Китайским университетом энергетики (2026), обобщило связанные методы снятия напряжений, включая:

TVSR (Thermal-Vibratory Stress Relief): сочетание теплового и вибрационного воздействия

CMVSR (Combined Magnetic-Vibration Stress Relief): сочетание магнитного поля и вибрации

Исследование Ли Бяньхуна (Li Bianhong) и коллег (2024) также сравнило эффективность TSR, VSR и TVSR на композитных материалах SiC/Al, продемонстрировав, что TVSR обеспечивает наилучший эффект снижения напряжений.

4. Типичные прикладные исследования
4.1. Оптимизация параметров для крупных станин станков
Ху Минь (Hu Min), Чжао Ваньхуа (Zhao Wanhua) и их коллеги из Сианьского университета Цзяотун (2014) провели оптимизацию параметров VSR для крупных станин станков. Путём модального моделирования для определения оптимальных параметров и сравнительных экспериментальных проверок новый процесс достиг среднего уровня снижения напряжений 65,1% по сравнению с только 38,5% для исходного процесса.

4.2. Выбор оптимальной частоты
Ван Дунцян (Wang Dong-qiang) и его коллеги из Чжунъюаньского технологического университета (2008) использовали рентгеновскую дифрактометрию и экспериментальный модальный анализ для оценки эффективности снижения напряжений, обнаружив, что возбуждение на собственных частотах компонента даёт наилучшие результаты, причём моды низшего порядка более эффективны, чем моды высшего порядка.

4.3. Применение к алюминиевым сплавам
Исследовательская группа Шэнь Хуалуна (Shen Hua-long) из Центрально-Южного университета провела эксперименты по VSR на пластинах из высокопрочного алюминиевого сплава, установив принципы выбора динамического напряжения, обеспечивающего эффективное снижение напряжений без возникновения усталостных повреждений.

4.4. Применение многорукого робота
Аньхойский университет науки и технологий (2024) разработал многорукого робота для оптимизации процесса VSR при сварке. Робот обеспечивает независимую и скоординированную работу нескольких рук для достижения многоправленной вибрационной стабилизации напряжений, повышая прочность и срок службы сварных компонентов.

5. Оценка эффективности VSR
Для оценки эффективности VSR в обзоре Лю Чуньцзэ (Liu Chun-ze) и его коллег (2017) были представлены методы неразрушающего контроля. Метод слепых отверстий (blind hole method) широко используется в сравнительных исследованиях, таких как работы Сианьского университета Цзяотун. Рентгеновская дифрактометрия также применяется для измерения остаточных напряжений.

6. Резюме и тенденции развития
На основе обобщённых исследований развитие VSR в Китае происходит по следующим основным направлениям:

Оптимизация процессов: определение точных параметров (частоты, амплитуды) с помощью модального моделирования для достижения максимальной эффективности

Диверсификация технологий: разработка различных вариантов VSR, включая гармонический, высокочастотный, ультразвуковой и супергармонический методы для различных типов деталей и материалов

Многопольная интеграция: сочетание VSR с тепловыми и магнитными полями (TVSR, CMVSR) для повышения эффективности снижения напряжений

Автоматизация: применение робототехники и интеллектуальных систем управления

17/07/2026

Comprehensive Report: Research on Vibratory Stress Relief (VSR) Method in Mechanical Engineering
1. Introduction
Vibratory Stress Relief (VSR) is a mechanical treatment technology used to reduce residual stress in metal components after processes such as welding, casting, and machining. Compared to traditional thermal treatment methods, VSR offers significant advantages including low energy consumption, low cost, and high efficiency. In China, this technology has been researched and applied since the 1990s and continues to evolve in multiple directions.

2. Mechanism of VSR
Research on the microscopic and macroscopic mechanisms of VSR has been conducted by Chinese scholars from an early stage. Studies by Song Tianmin and colleagues at Jilin University analyzed the mechanism of vibration effects on residual stress in welded materials. The core mechanism involves applying vibratory force at an appropriate frequency to induce localized plastic deformation, thereby releasing stored elastic strain energy within the material without causing fatigue damage.

A study from Central South University analyzed the influencing factors and principles for selecting dynamic stress amplitude when applying VSR to high-strength aluminum alloys, emphasizing the need to induce localized plastic deformation without exceeding the material's fatigue limit.

3. Technological Development Directions
3.1. Harmonic Frequency Spectrum VSR
Research by Zhao Changxi (2010) and Yang Wei (2015) applied harmonic frequency spectrum technology to treat residual stress in aluminum alloy components and cast structures, achieving significant improvements compared to traditional VSR methods.

3.2. High-Frequency VSR and Ultrasonic VSR
Wang Jianwu and He Wen (2005) analyzed high-frequency VSR technology for processing high-stiffness components. Meanwhile, research groups at Taiyuan University of Science and Technology (Zhang Chunhui, 2013; Wang Renyan, 2014; Yang Mingwei, 2016) focused on the mechanisms and experimental validation of ultrasonic VSR, opening new processing approaches for complex-shaped components.

3.3. Nonlinear Superharmonic VSR
Wu Jianjun and colleagues (Nanning University of Technology and Engineering & Guangxi University, 2026) proposed a nonlinear superharmonic VSR method. This technique leverages nonlinear oscillation characteristics to generate frequencies that are integer multiples of the excitation frequency, acting on high-stiffness components. The research demonstrates that as the cubic volume stiffness coefficient increases, the resonance curve shifts to the right and response amplitude increases, resulting in more pronounced superharmonic effects.

3.4. Multi-Field Coupled VSR
The latest trend involves integrating VSR with other energy fields. A study from Ordos Institute of Technology and North China University of Energy (2026) summarized coupled stress relief methods including:

TVSR (Thermal-Vibratory Stress Relief): Coupling of thermal and vibratory energy

CMVSR (Combined Magnetic-Vibration Stress Relief): Coupling of magnetic field and vibration

Research by Li Bianhong and colleagues (2024) also compared the effectiveness of TSR, VSR, and TVSR on SiC/Al composite materials, demonstrating that TVSR provides the best stress reduction effect.

4. Representative Application Studies
4.1. Parameter Optimization for Large Machine Tool Bodies
Hu Min, Zhao Wanhua, and colleagues at Xi'an Jiaotong University (2014) conducted VSR parameter optimization for large machine tool bodies. Through modal simulation to determine optimal parameters and comparative experimental verification, the new process achieved an average stress reduction rate of 65.1%, compared to only 38.5% for the original process.

4.2. Optimal Frequency Selection
Wang Dong-qiang and colleagues at Zhongyuan University of Technology (2008) used X-ray diffraction and experimental modal analysis to evaluate stress reduction effectiveness, finding that excitation at the component's natural frequencies yields the best results, with lower-order modes being more effective than higher-order modes.

4.3. Application to Aluminum Alloys
The research group of Shen Hua-long at Central South University conducted VSR experiments on high-strength aluminum alloy plates, establishing principles for selecting dynamic stress that ensures effective stress reduction without causing fatigue damage.

4.4. Multi-Arm Robot Application
Anhui University of Science and Technology (2024) designed a multi-arm robot to optimize the VSR process in welding applications. The robot enables independent and coordinated operation of multiple arms to achieve multi-directional vibratory stress relief, enhancing the strength and service life of welded components.

5. Evaluation of VSR Effectiveness
For evaluating VSR effectiveness, nondestructive evaluation methods were introduced in the review by Liu Chun-ze and colleagues (2017). The blind hole method has been widely used in comparative studies such as those conducted by Xi'an Jiaotong University. X-ray diffraction has also been applied for residual stress measurement.

6. Summary and Development Trends
Based on the synthesized research, VSR development in China is progressing along the following main directions:

Process Optimization: Determining precise parameters (frequency, amplitude) through modal simulation to achieve maximum effectiveness

Technological Diversification: Developing VSR variants including harmonic, high-frequency, ultrasonic, and superharmonic methods for different component types and materials

Multi-Field Integration: Combining VSR with thermal and magnetic fields (TVSR, CMVSR) to enhance stress reduction efficiency

Automation: Applying robotics and intelligent control systems

17/07/2026

종합 보고서：기계공학 분야에서의 진동 응력 완화법(VSR) 연구
1. 서론
진동 응력 완화법(Vibratory Stress Relief - VSR)은 용접, 주조, 절삭 가공 후 금속 부품에 잔류하는 응력을 저감하기 위해 사용되는 기계적 처리 기술입니다. 기존의 열처리법과 비교하여 VSR은 에너지 소비가 낮고, 비용이 저렴하며, 효율이 높다는 장점이 있습니다. 중국에서는 1990년대부터 연구 및 적용이 시작되어 현재까지 다양한 방향으로 발전하고 있습니다.

2. VSR의 메커니즘
VSR의 미시적 및 거시적 메커니즘에 대한 연구는 중국 학자들에 의해 초기부터 수행되었습니다. 지린대학의 쑹톈민(Song Tianmin) 연구진은 용접 재료의 잔류 응력에 대한 진동 영향 메커니즘을 분석했습니다. 그 핵심은 적절한 주파수의 진동력을 가하여 국부 소성 변형을 유발하고, 재료 내부에 축적된 탄성 변형 에너지를 피로 파괴 없이 해방시키는 데 있습니다.

중난대학의 연구에서는 고강도 알루미늄 합금에 VSR을 적용할 때 동적 응력 진폭의 선택 원칙과 영향 인자를 분석하여, 재료의 피로 한계를 초과하지 않는 범위 내에서 국부 소성 변형을 발생시켜야 함을 제시했습니다.

3. 기술 발전 방향
3.1. 고조파 스펙트럼 VSR(Harmonic Frequency Spectrum VSR)
자오창시(Zhao Changxi, 2010)와 양웨이(Yang Wei, 2015)의 연구에서는 알루미늄 합금 부품 및 주조 구조물의 잔류 응력 처리에 고조파 스펙트럼 기술을 적용하여 기존 VSR 대비 현저한 효과 개선을 확인했습니다.

3.2. 고주파 VSR 및 초음파 VSR
왕젠우(Wang Jianwu)와 허원(He Wen, 2005)은 고주파 VSR 기술을 분석하여 고강성 부품 처리를 가능하게 했습니다. 또한 타이위안과기대학 연구 그룹(장춘후이 Zhang Chunhui, 2013; 왕런옌 Wang Renyan, 2014; 양밍웨이 Yang Mingwei, 2016)은 초음파 VSR의 메커니즘과 실험에 집중하여 복잡 형상 부품의 새로운 처리 방안을 모색했습니다.

3.3. 비선형 슈퍼하모닉 VSR
우젠준(Wu Jianjun) 연구진(난닝공과대학 · 광시대학, 2026)은 비선형 슈퍼하모닉 VSR 기법을 제안했습니다. 이 기술은 비선형 진동 특성을 활용하여 여기 주파수의 정수배 주파수를 생성하여 고강성 부품에 작용합니다. 체적 강성 계수가 증가함에 따라 공명 곡선이 우측으로 이동하고 응답 진폭이 증가하여 슈퍼하모닉 효과가 더욱 뚜렷해집니다.

3.4. 다중 물리장 연동 VSR
최신 트렌드는 VSR과 다른 에너지장의 통합입니다. 어얼둬쓰공과대학과 화베이에너지대학(2026)의 연구에서는 다음과 같은 연동 응력 제거법을 종합했습니다:

TVSR(Thermal-Vibratory Stress Relief): 열과 진동의 연동

CMVSR(Combined Magnetic-Vibration Stress Relief): 자기장과 진동의 연동

리볜홍(Li Bianhong) 연구진(2024)의 연구에서도 SiC/Al 복합재료에 대한 TSR, VSR, TVSR의 효과를 비교하여 TVSR이 가장 우수한 응력 저감 효과를 나타냄을 입증했습니다.

4. 대표적인 응용 연구
4.1. 대형 공작기계 본체의 파라미터 최적화
시안자오퉁대학의 후민(Hu Min) · 자오완화(Zhao Wanhua) 연구진(2014)은 대형 공작기계 본체의 VSR 파라미터 최적화를 수행했습니다. 모달 시뮬레이션을 통한 최적 파라미터 도출 및 실기 비교 실험 결과, 신공정은 평균 응력 저감율이 65.1%에 달한 반면, 구공정은 38.5%에 그쳤습니다.

4.2. 최적 주파수 선정
중위앤공과대학의 왕둥창(Wang Dong-qiang) 연구진(2008)은 X선 회절법과 실험 모달 분석을 사용하여 응력 저감 효과를 평가했으며, 부품의 고유 진동수에서의 가진이 가장 효과적이고 저차 모드가 고차 모드보다 우수한 효과를 나타냄을 확인했습니다.

4.3. 알루미늄 합금 적용
중난대학의 선화룽(Shen Hua-long) 연구진은 고강도 알루미늄 합금 판재의 VSR 실험을 수행하여 피로 손상을 유발하지 않는 동적 응력 선택 원칙을 확립했습니다.

4.4. 다중 암 로봇 적용
안후이과기대학(2024)은 다중 암 로봇을 설계하여 용접 후 VSR 공정을 최적화했습니다. 각 암이 독립적이고 협력적으로 다방향에서 진동 응력 제거를 실현하여 용접 부품의 강도와 수명이 향상되었습니다.

5. VSR 효과 평가
평가 방법으로는 류춘저(Liu Chun-ze) 연구진(2017)의 종설에서 비파괴 평가법이 소개되었습니다. 블라인드 홀법(blind hole method)이 시안자오퉁대학 연구 등에서 널리 사용되고 있으며, X선 회절법도 잔류 응력 측정에 응용되고 있습니다.

6. 종합 및 발전 동향
중국 내 VSR 연구의 주요 방향은 다음과 같습니다:

공정 최적화: 모달 시뮬레이션을 통한 정확한 파라미터(주파수·진폭) 결정

기술 다양화: 고조파, 고주파, 초음파, 슈퍼하모닉 등 다양한 VSR 기법 개발

다중 물리장 통합: 열·자기장과의 연동(TVSR, CMVSR)을 통한 효과 향상

자동화: 로봇 및 스마트 제어 시스템 적용

17/07/2026

総合報告書：機械工学分野における振動応力除去法（VSR）に関する研究
1. はじめに
振動応力除去法（Vibratory Stress Relief - VSR）は、溶接、鋳造、切削加工後に金属部品に残留する応力を低減するために用いられる機械的処理技術です。従来の熱処理法と比較して、VSRはエネルギー消費が低く、コストが安く、効率が高いという利点があります。中国では1990年代から研究・応用が進められており、現在も多様な方向へ発展を続けています。

2. VSRのメカニズム
VSRの微視的・巨視的メカニズムに関する研究は、中国の学者によって早期から行われてきました。吉林大学の宋天民（Song Tianmin）氏らの研究は、溶接材料における残留応力に対する振動の影響メカニズムを分析しました。その核心は、適切な周波数の振動力を加えて局所的な塑性変形を生じさせ、材料内部に蓄積された弾性ひずみエネルギーを疲労破壊を引き起こすことなく解放することにあります。

中南大学の研究では、高強度アルミニウム合金に対するVSR適用時の動的応力振幅の選択原則と影響因子が分析され、材料の疲労限界を超えない範囲で局所的な塑性変形を生じさせる必要性が示されています。

3. 技術発展の方向性
3.1. 高調波スペクトルVSR（Harmonic Frequency Spectrum VSR）
趙長喜（Zhao Changxi, 2010）および楊偉（Yang Wei, 2015）の研究では、アルミニウム合金部品や鋳造構造物の残留応力処理に高調波スペクトル技術を応用し、従来のVSRと比較して顕著な効果向上が確認されました。

3.2. 高周波VSRおよび超音波VSR
王建武（Wang Jianwu）と何聞（He Wen, 2005）は高周波VSR技術を分析し、高剛性部品の処理に対応しました。また、太原科技大学の研究グループ（張春輝 Zhang Chunhui, 2013; 王仁彦 Wang Renyan, 2014; 楊明偉 Yang Mingwei, 2016）は超音波VSRのメカニズムと実験に注力し、複雑形状部品の新たな処理手法を切り開きました。

3.3. 非線形スーパーハーモニックVSR
呉建軍（Wu Jianjun）氏ら（南寧理工科大学・広西大学, 2026）は非線形スーパーハーモニックVSR法を提案しました。この技術は非線形振動特性を活用し、励振周波数の整数倍の周波数を生成して高剛性部品に作用させます。三次体積剛性係数の増加に伴い、共振曲線が右方へシフトし、応答振幅が増大するため、スーパーハーモニック効果がより顕著になることが示されています。

3.4. マルチフィールド連成VSR
最新のトレンドはVSRと他のエネルギーフィールドの統合です。オルドス工科大学と華北能源大学（2026）の研究では、以下の連成応力除去法が総括されています：

TVSR（Thermal-Vibratory Stress Relief）：熱と振動の連成

CMVSR（Combined Magnetic-Vibration Stress Relief）：磁場と振動の連成

李扁紅（Li Bianhong）氏ら（2024）の研究でも、SiC/Al複合材料に対するTSR、VSR、TVSRの効果比較が行われ、TVSRが最も優れた応力低減効果を示すことが実証されました。

4. 代表的な応用研究
4.1. 大型工作機械ボディのパラメータ最適化
西安交通大学の胡敏（Hu Min）・趙万華（Zhao Wanhua）氏ら（2014）は大型工作機械ボディのVSRパラメータ最適化を実施しました。モーダルシミュレーションによる最適パラメータの決定と実機比較実験の結果、新プロセスでは平均応力低減率が65.1%に達したのに対し、旧プロセスは38.5%にとどまりました。

4.2. 最適周波数の選定
中原工学院の王東強（Wang Dong-qiang）氏ら（2008）はX線回折法と実験モーダル解析を用いて応力低減効果を評価し、部品の固有振動数での励振が最も効果的であり、低次モードが高次モードより優れた効果を示すことを明らかにしました。

4.3. アルミニウム合金への応用
中南大学の沈華龍（Shen Hua-long）氏らは高強度アルミニウム合金板のVSR実験を行い、疲労損傷を生じさせない動的応力の選択原則を確立しました。

4.4. 多腕ロボットの応用
安徽科技大学（2024）は多腕ロボットを設計し、溶接後のVSRプロセスを最適化しました。各アームが独立・協調して多方向からの振動応力除去を実現し、溶接部品の強度と寿命が向上しました。

5. VSR効果の評価
評価手法としては、劉春澤（Liu Chun-ze）氏ら（2017）の総説で非破壊評価法が紹介されています。盲穴法（blind hole method）が西安交通大学の研究などで広く用いられており、X線回折法も残留応力測定に応用されています。

6. 総括と発展動向
中国におけるVSR研究の主な方向性は以下の通りです：

プロセスの最適化：モーダルシミュレーションによる正確なパラメータ（周波数・振幅）の決定

技術の多様化：高調波、高周波、超音波、スーパーハーモニックなど多様なVSR手法の開発

マルチフィールド統合：熱・磁場との連成（TVSR, CMVSR）による効果向上

自動化：ロボットとスマート制御システムの応用